Gem and jade terms commonly used to describe gem and jade

China's gems and jade crafts have enjoyed great popularity from an early date. Raw materials are made in China and imported. Products are exported to the world, known as "Oriental craft." In the process of labor, our ancestors accumulated a wealth of experience in evaluating jade quality and processing techniques. Their descriptions of the precious stones, jade minerals (or rocks) and handicrafts are vivid and vivid. The arts and crafts in our history are mostly jade and Hetian jade products. Emerald raw materials are mostly imported from Burma and Hotan jade is produced in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. Therefore, the terminology of gemstones and jades comes from Jade and Hetian jade.

I. Terms of gem and jade preciousness China's gem and jade industries are evaluated in terms of lightness, color, and sex in describing the nature of treasure (use).

Light: is the flash, also called "fire", sometimes called "Baoguang" or "Le light", is the light reflected by a ray of light projected onto a gemstone. Bright light is good.

Color: When the light is projected onto the gemstone or the gemstone is turned, various colors will appear on the surface of the gemstone, which will be colorful and very beautiful. Such as Opal Stone is such a feature.

Sex: refers to the gem's most important characteristics, to distinguish between authenticity, such as the hardness and luster of diamonds, hardness and star lines of red sapphire, cat's eye effect of cat's eyes and so on. In some materials, sex is considered to be a crystalline state of the stone, such as top, reclining, and oblique, and some materials are considered to be defects of Bao and jade materials, such as soft, rigid, twisting, explosive, and sheet-like. , dry, frozen, licking, negative, positive, chicken, copper, etc., good stone performance is small.

Second, the gem, jade defects in terms of the description of gemstones, jade defects, commonly used: Liu, cotton, thread these concepts.

Liu: It refers to the cracks of gems and jade minerals (or rocks). According to the size, shape and color of willow, it can be divided into many types. There is no fixed number. The shape of willow is like what is Liu, such as “Tongtian Liu”. "Piao Liu," "Yi Liu," "Da Liu," "Xiao Liu," "Black Willow," "Yellow Willow," "Cross Liu," "Breaked Willow," "Layer Liu," "Enamel Liu," "Liu Liu," "curve Liu," "dislocation Liu," "depending on Pi Liu" and so on, will affect the quality of gems, jade.

Mian: There is a small layer of tiny silk that consists of tiny bubbles called cotton. Cotton also affects the quality of gems and jade.

Line: It is a reflection of the characteristics of the stone itself. It is a kind of linear defect, also called “leg”. The line also affects the quality of gems and jade.

Other terms:

Pit: It has the meaning of producing areas and deposits. Later, it still maintains this meaning. For example, Laokeng, Xinkeng, Qijiakeng, and later evolved in development and change, meaning transparent, such as "Transparency is good," the pit is boring" and the transparency is poor. Also, there are only a few jade mines in China. The quality of jade is closely related to the place of production (the pit). Therefore, the word "pit" has the quality of jade. Meaning.

Species: The advantages and disadvantages of green and transparency are customarily called "species." When evaluating jadeite, “old species” refers to those who are transparent and rich in color; “new species” refers to those who are opaque and fresh in color; old and new breeds are between the above two.

Water head: Also a concept of transparency, refers to the ability of light to penetrate the stone. The water head is measured by length. If the water head is long, the transparency is good, and if the water head is short, the transparency is not good.

Land sub: In addition to green, jadeite raw materials are collectively referred to as “Gazi”. According to the color and transparency of “Gazi”, they are often compared with familiar things and given different names such as “Glass Land”. "Shuidi", "egg Qingdi" and so on, when assessing jadeite, the color and transparency of the "zizi" are required to be comma, which is moderate and thick.

Green: Green is also called Green. "Green" and "Gazi" constitute two important quality conditions for jade. "Green" is also more important than "Gazi". The green part of jade is called "green". According to the depth and transparency of the "green" characteristic color, "green" is given a different name by using a similar method. "Green Glass", "Green", "Brilliant Green", "Rouge Green", "Gem Green", "Green Heart", etc. The pros and cons of "Green" are the most important quality conditions for jadeite.

Snow flakes: Emerald fibrous crystals, thick and flaky reflective, known as "snow flakes", small as "fly wings" or "mosquito wings", and then smaller as "sandness."

Shinao: What is the impurity in jadeite or what else causes jadeite to have white cotton-like lumps, called "stone brain", sometimes called "stone flower" and "white brain"?

Black: The black color of jadeite raw materials is called "black", and it is mostly punctate, and sometimes it is also referred to as "black spots", "black threads", "black spots" and "black bands". "There are wraps called "bags."

Mountain jade: refers to the direct output of jade in the pits, with the words of geologists is the original mine, such as Qi Jiakeng's "mountain jade."

Seed jade: pebble jade, has a good degree of roundness. Mostly distributed in valleys or in the Quaternary terraces.

Mountain stream jade: between the mountain jade and seed jade, the jade itself by mechanical or running water, has a certain degree of roundness.

Open the door: a jade material, it is difficult to see the advantages and disadvantages from the surface, especially jadeite skin, so we must cut open to see the fresh noodles, this cutting technology jade industry known as "open the door" in the past, there is no "open the door" technology in the past trading Jade and other jades are very adventurous, they are well-made, they make a fortune, they can't make good, and their families die.